The thermal characteristics of crystalline and amorphous forms of a human milk oligosaccharide, 2ʹ-fucosyllactose (2ʹ-FL), were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and compared with the two forms of α-lactose monohydrate.

The fourth vaccination dose confers additional protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in individuals with no prior coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

The catalytic functions of metalloenzymes are often strongly correlated with metal elements in the active sites. However, dioxygen-activating nonheme quercetin dioxygenases (QueD) are found with various first-row transition-metal ions when metal swapping inactivates their innate catalytic activity.

Whereas cholesterol is vital for cell growth, proliferation, and remodeling, dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is associated with multiple age-related pathologies. Here we show that senescent cells accumulate cholesterol in lysosomes to maintain the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).

Efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of light energy for direct utilization in chemical production has been a long-standing goal in enzyme design.

Drought tolerance is important for grain crops, including rice (Oryza sativa); for example, rice cultivated under intermittent irrigation produces less methane gas compared to rice grown in anaerobic paddy field conditions, but these plants require greater drought tolerance.

Cucurbitacins and volatile compounds of cucumber fruit of 69 genotypes were profiled. Cucurbitacin C was only detected, while other types were not detected. Distinct genotype traits were classified into four groups based on compound profiles. Volatile compounds in F1 hybrids were lower than those in parents and mid-parents.

As basic units of neural networks, ensembles of synapses underlie cognitive functions such as learning and memory. These synaptic engrams show elevated synaptic density among engram cells following contextual fear memory formation.

Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold, widely utilized for organ engineering, often undergoes matrix decomposition after transplantation and produces byproducts that cause inflammation, leading to clinical failure.

Mitochondrial fission and donut formation increase during osteoblast maturation. Fragmented mitochondria and MDVs are secreted extracellularly during osteogenesis. Increasing mitochondrial fission through OPA1 downregulation enhances osteogenesis. Treatment of osteoblast-secreted mitochondria accelerates bone regeneration.

Nanoparticles are primarily taken up by immune cells after systemic administration. Thus, they are considered an ideal drug delivery vehicle for immunomodulation.

Biomolecular condensates participate in diverse cellular processes, ranging from gene regulation to stress survival. Bottom-up engineering of synthetic condensates advances our understanding of the organizing principle of condensates