Many crop plants have genetic barriers to de novo organogenesis during tissue culture. Therefore, exogenous application of metabolites and/or small molecules that promote cell fate transition in tissue culture-recalcitrant species could be key solution for current bottlenecks. Here, we identified the metabolites involved in conferring regeneration competence using Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana), and determined that AMP accumulated in pluripotent calli relative to nonpluripotent calli. In agreement, exogenous treatment with AMP increased regeneration competence, which was dependent on PLETHORA(PLT) genes, encoding known core regulators of pluripotency acquisition. We also showed a broad impact of AMP in plant tissue culture in that AMP improved the regeneration capacity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitataL. cv Okina), tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL. cv. MicroTom), and Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg during tissue culture via protoplast regeneration. Overall, our findings demonstrate that AMP can be used to enhance in vitro plant regeneration and should be applicable to a wide range of plant species.

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